martes, 19 de marzo de 2013
domingo, 17 de febrero de 2013
Derecho a la salud(Right to health)
Derecho a la salud(Right to health)
El derecho a la salud obliga a los Estados a generar condiciones en las cuales todos puedan vivir lo más saludablemente posible. Esas condiciones comprenden la disponibilidad garantizada de servicios de salud, condiciones de trabajo saludables y seguras, vivienda adecuada y alimentos nutritivos. El derecho a la salud no se limita al derecho a estar sano.
El derecho a la salud está consagrado en numerosos tratados internacionales y regionales de derechos humanos y en las constituciones de países de todo el mundo.
The right to health is the economic, social and cultural right to the highest attainable standard of health. It is recognised in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. "Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health, and wellbeing of himself and his family...". ThePreamble to the World Health Organisation's (WHO) constitution also declares that it is one of the fundamental rights of every human being to enjoy "the highest attainable standard of health". Inherent in the right to health is the right to the underlying conditions of health as well as medical care.
Derecho a la libre expresión(Right to Freedom of expression)
Derecho a la libre expresión(Right to Freedom of expresion)
La libertad de expresión es un derecho fundamental o un derecho humano, señalado en el artículo 19º de la Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos de 1948, y las constituciones de los sistemas democráticos, también lo señalan. De ella deriva la libertad de imprenta también llamada libertad de prensa.
El derecho a la libertad de expresión es definido como un medio para la libre difusión de las ideas, y así fue concebido durante la Ilustración. Para filósofos como Pach, Montesquieu, Voltaire yRousseau la posibilidad del disenso fomenta el avance de las artes y las ciencias y la auténtica participación política. Fue uno de los pilares de la Guerra de la Independencia de los Estados Unidos (Primera Enmienda) y la Revolución francesa, hechos que revolvieron las cortes de los demás estados occidentales.
Freedom of speech is the political right to communicate one's opinions and ideas. The term freedom of expression is sometimes used synonymously, but includes any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used. In practice, the right to freedom of speech is not absolute in any country and the right is commonly subject to limitations, as with libel, slander, obscenity, sedition (including, for example inciting ethnic hatred), copyright violation, revelation of information that is classified or otherwise.The right to freedom of expression is recognized as a human right under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and recognized in international human rights law in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). Article 19 of the ICCPR states that "[e]veryone shall have the right to hold opinions without interference" and "everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression; this right shall include freedom to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers, either orally, in writing or in print, in the form of art, or through any other media of his choice".
Derecho a la Educacion (Right to Education)
Derecho a la Educacion (Right to Education)
El derecho a la educación primera Relatora Especial de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas sobre el derecho a la educación, Katarina Tomasevski, habla de cuatro dimensiones de este derecho. El esquema de 4-A (aviable, accesible, aceptable adaptable) del derecho a la educación brinda un marco conceptual para fijar las obligaciones de los gobiernos sobre el derecho a la educación: generar educación disponible, accesible, aceptable, y adaptable figura igualmente en la Observación general número 13 del Comité de Derechos Económicos, Sociales y Culturales de Naciones Unidas. Siempre realista,Tomasevski agrega "una quinta A" (afordable): realizable, porque reconoce que "Ningún gobierno puede ser obligado legalmente a hacer lo imposible
El marco conceptual brinda no sólo un conjunto de indicadores claves para la gestión de la educación, sino también un esquema de monitoreo en el marco del Consejo de Derechos Humanos de las Naciones Unidas.
The right to education is a universal entitlement to education, a right that is recognized as a human right. According to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights the right to education includes the right to free, compulsory primary education for all, an obligation to develop secondary education accessible to all, in particular by the progressive introduction of free secondary education, as well as an obligation to develop equitable access to higher education, ideally by the progressive introduction of free higher education. The right to education also includes a responsibility to provide basic education for individuals who have not completed primary education. In addition to these access to education provisions, the right to education encompasses the obligation to rule out discrimination at all levels of the educational system, to set minimum standards and to improve quality of education.
El derecho a la educación primera Relatora Especial de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas sobre el derecho a la educación, Katarina Tomasevski, habla de cuatro dimensiones de este derecho. El esquema de 4-A (aviable, accesible, aceptable adaptable) del derecho a la educación brinda un marco conceptual para fijar las obligaciones de los gobiernos sobre el derecho a la educación: generar educación disponible, accesible, aceptable, y adaptable figura igualmente en la Observación general número 13 del Comité de Derechos Económicos, Sociales y Culturales de Naciones Unidas. Siempre realista,Tomasevski agrega "una quinta A" (afordable): realizable, porque reconoce que "Ningún gobierno puede ser obligado legalmente a hacer lo imposible
El marco conceptual brinda no sólo un conjunto de indicadores claves para la gestión de la educación, sino también un esquema de monitoreo en el marco del Consejo de Derechos Humanos de las Naciones Unidas.
The right to education is a universal entitlement to education, a right that is recognized as a human right. According to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights the right to education includes the right to free, compulsory primary education for all, an obligation to develop secondary education accessible to all, in particular by the progressive introduction of free secondary education, as well as an obligation to develop equitable access to higher education, ideally by the progressive introduction of free higher education. The right to education also includes a responsibility to provide basic education for individuals who have not completed primary education. In addition to these access to education provisions, the right to education encompasses the obligation to rule out discrimination at all levels of the educational system, to set minimum standards and to improve quality of education.
jueves, 14 de febrero de 2013
Derecho a la vida (Right to life)
Derecho a la vida (Right to life)
El derecho a la vida es el que tiene cualquier ser humano por el simple hecho de existir y estar vivo; se considera un derecho fundamental de la persona. Otras personas también exigen el derecho a la vida para los animales que no pertenecen a la especie humana, son los llamados defensores de los derechos animales.
La vida es el derecho más importante para los seres humanos. La vida tiene varios factores; la vida humana en sus formas corporales y psíquicas, la vida social de las personas por medio de la cual estos realizan obras en común y la vida de la naturaleza que relaciona a los seres humanos con las demás especies vivientes.
The taking of human life has been strongly condemned by most world religions and philosophies over the centuries. International human rights law has in turn sought to uphold this most sacrosanct of rights in a number of treaties. The life of an individual is clearly protected from being arbitrarily taken by the state.The right to life is not, however, as inviolable as it might seem at first sight. There are a number of situations where states may deprive individuals of life itself and to which international human rights law does not raise an objection. The use of the death penalty is one such example. Human rights law does not prohibit the use of the death penalty as a punishment for crimes but does encourage its abolition and seek to limit its use. The use of violence in self-defence lies at the base of other justifications for the taking of human life. Killing is permitted at times of war save for the murder of civilians and prisoners of war.
The taking of human life has been strongly condemned by most world religions and philosophies over the centuries. International human rights law has in turn sought to uphold this most sacrosanct of rights in a number of treaties. The life of an individual is clearly protected from being arbitrarily taken by the state.The right to life is not, however, as inviolable as it might seem at first sight. There are a number of situations where states may deprive individuals of life itself and to which international human rights law does not raise an objection. The use of the death penalty is one such example. Human rights law does not prohibit the use of the death penalty as a punishment for crimes but does encourage its abolition and seek to limit its use. The use of violence in self-defence lies at the base of other justifications for the taking of human life. Killing is permitted at times of war save for the murder of civilians and prisoners of war.
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